Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

27
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
27
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.2K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
44.2K
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

70
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
70
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

8.7K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
8.7K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

7.9K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
7.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Study of Chemosensory Enhancement through Neuromodulation Training (SCENT): Design and methodology of a randomized clinical trial for COVID-related persistent smell dysfunction.

Contemporary clinical trials communications·2026
Same author

Predicting landscape disturbance using adult Trichoptera: one (caddis) metric to rule them all?

ZooKeys·2025
Same author

An analytical synopsis of caddisfly (Insecta, Trichoptera) taxonomic history and progress in Canada and the United States.

ZooKeys·2025
Same author

Preface: Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Trichoptera.

ZooKeys·2025
Same author

The protocol for a randomized, sham-controlled trial of transcutaneous auricular neurostimulation for chronic pain and opioid withdrawal symptoms during a 4-day opioid taper for adults in the United States.

Trials·2025
Same author

Functional connectivity signatures of olfactory networks linked to cognitive risk: A functional MRI study in subjective cognitive decline at risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2025
Same journal

Segmentation of the parasagittal dura mater on multi-center 3D-FLAIR MRI.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Spatial frequency channels implement a mental ruler in spatial vision.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Exploring the Link Between Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Measured Brain Diffusivity During Wakefulness and Sleep Macrostructure in the Elderly.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Closed-loop adaptation of transcranial magnetic stimulation intensity with electroencephalography feedback.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Volumetric postmortem MRI of the medial temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: methodological advances and implications for in vivo biomarker development.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Neural responses to equity and inequity when receiving vicarious rewards for self and charity during adolescence.

NeuroImage·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD
08:29

Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD

Published on: October 10, 2012

16.0K

Odor-enhanced Visual Processing in PTSD.

Aicko Y Schumann1, Thomas W Uhde2, David C Houghton3

  • 1Institute of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, 29425, S.C., USA; Department of Mathematics, College of Charleston, 175 Calhoun Street, Charleston, 29401, S.C., USA.

Neuroimage
|February 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) alters how the brain processes sensory information. This study found PTSD alters olfactory-visual interactions, impacting threat perception in combat veterans.

Keywords:
ConnectivitySensory perceptionThreatTraumafMRI

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure
08:20

Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure

Published on: January 18, 2021

3.9K
Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2025

Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD
08:29

Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD

Published on: October 10, 2012

16.0K
Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure
08:20

Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure

Published on: January 18, 2021

3.9K
Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Processing
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with altered sensory cue processing.
  • The interaction between olfactory and visual systems in threat processing in PTSD remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate odor-enhanced visual processing in combat veterans with and without PTSD.
  • To examine olfactory-visual system interactions during the processing of neutral and combat-related images.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess brain activation.
  • 46 combat veterans (19 with PTSD, 27 healthy controls) participated.
  • Odor-enhanced visual processing was measured using combined odor-picture cues versus picture cues alone.

Main Results:

  • Combat veterans with PTSD (CV+PTSD) showed greater threat odor-enhanced visual cortical activation to neutral images compared to healthy controls (HCV).
  • CV+PTSD demonstrated less threat odor-enhanced visual cortical activation to combat-related images than HCV.
  • Functional connectivity showed increased olfactory-visual coupling with neutral images and decreased coupling with combat-related images in CV+PTSD.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest sensory processing dysregulation in PTSD, potentially due to impaired olfactory-visual coupling.
  • PTSD may involve a heightened focus on potential threat, overriding the processing of other sensory information.
  • Altered olfactory-visual interactions may contribute to the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder.