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Systematic review of interventions for dietary adherence in pediatric disease management

Elizabeth K Towner1, Heather D Gibbs2, Ella Hu3

  • 1Division of Behavioral Sciences, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.

Journal of Pediatric Psychology
|February 11, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Dietary interventions show moderate-high adherence in pediatric chronic conditions. More research is needed to understand factors impacting adherence and develop best practices for pediatric disease management.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric chronic disease management
  • Nutritional science
  • Behavioral psychology

Background:

  • Dietary adherence is crucial for managing pediatric chronic medical conditions.
  • Previous reviews on dietary adherence interventions are over 20 years old.
  • An updated review is necessary to assess current interventions and identify gaps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the efficacy of dietary adherence interventions in pediatric chronic disease management.
  • To identify existing gaps in research and practice for these interventions.
  • To provide an update on the current state of dietary adherence interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials and clinical trials up to July 1, 2023.
  • Searched multiple databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus.
  • Included studies targeting youth (0-18 years) with chronic conditions (excluding obesity), focusing on nutrition education and behavioral support, and reporting dietary adherence outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen manuscripts were identified, covering four diet types, 10 pediatric conditions, and 1,110 participants.
  • Interventions generally resulted in moderate to high adherence across most diet types.
  • Common intervention approaches included meal plans, goal setting, monitoring, and feedback; five trials had potential bias.

Conclusions:

  • Interventions for dietary adherence in pediatric chronic conditions are limited.
  • Further research is required to explore adherence across all relevant pediatric conditions.
  • Identifying factors influencing adherence and establishing best practices are critical next steps.
Abstract

Keywords:
adherencemeta-analysisnutritionrandomized controlled trialself-managementsystematic review

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