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Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures
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Predictive Thermodynamics for Isochoric (Constant-Volume) Cryopreservation Systems.

Julia H Grenke1, Janet A W Elliott1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|February 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Isochoric cryopreservation uses water expansion during freezing to limit ice growth. This study presents a thermodynamic model accurately predicting pressures and concentrations during isochoric freezing of cryoprotectant solutions.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Biophysics
  • Cryobiology

Background:

  • Cryopreservation preserves biomaterials at low temperatures, often using cryoprotectants.
  • Isochoric (constant-volume) cryopreservation leverages water's anomalous expansion upon freezing to mitigate ice damage.
  • Understanding the thermodynamic behavior of solutions during isochoric cooling is crucial for optimizing this technique.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a thermodynamic model for predicting the behavior of solutions during isochoric cryopreservation.
  • To assess the impact of cryoprotectant concentration and cooling conditions on isochoric freezing dynamics.
  • To provide predictive tools for designing improved isochoric cryopreservation protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Application of Gibbsian thermodynamics and established correlations for water and ice properties.
  • Utilizing the multisolute osmotic virial equation to model solution behavior.
  • Verification of the model against experimental data for saline and cryoprotectant solutions.

Main Results:

  • The developed model accurately predicts pressure, ice volume fraction, and solute concentration changes during isochoric cooling.
  • Predictions were validated for solutions with cryoprotectant concentrations up to 5 M and temperatures down to -25 °C.
  • The model's accuracy is anticipated to extend to -70 °C under specific pressure conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The thermodynamic model provides accurate predictions for isochoric cryopreservation across a range of conditions.
  • The findings support the potential of isochoric cryopreservation for preserving sensitive biomaterials.
  • This work offers valuable insights for the future design of isochoric cryopreservation experiments and protocols.