Masticatory function and cognition in older adults: A population-based study

The relationship between masticatory function based on paired teeth-functional tooth units (FTUs) and cognition has yet to be evaluated and reported in a nationally representative sample.

The purpose of this population-based study was to investigate the association between masticatory function measured by FTUs and cognition in individuals aged 60 and older using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014.

Data from NHANES 2011-2014 were used. The number of FTUs was defined as pairs of opposing natural and artificial teeth in the posterior region. Cognitive function was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) test, the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Weighted multivariable linear regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the association between FTUs and cognitive performance. Sensitivity tests were conducted on functional dentition and the presence of FTUs.

The regression models revealed a significant positive association between FTUs and cognitive performance among AFT, DSST, and global cognition. Individuals with higher FTU scores demonstrated better performance in verbal fluency, processing speed, sustained attention, working memory, and global cognition.

A significant and independent association was demonstrated between masticatory function as measured by FTUs and cognitive function in adults aged 60 and older.