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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Terminology01:20

Anatomical Terminology

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Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...
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Tissues01:25

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Tissues are a group of cells that share a common embryonic origin. Microscopic observation reveals that the cells in a tissue share morphological features and are arranged in an orderly pattern to perform specific functions. From an evolutionary perspective, tissues appear in more complex organisms. Although there are many types of cells in the human body, they are organized into four broad categories of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Each of these categories is...
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It is convenient to consider the body's structures in terms of fundamental levels of organization that increase in complexity: subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
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Loose connective tissue is found between many organs. Its main function is to absorb shock and bind tissues together. It also allows water, salts, and various nutrients to diffuse into cells that are embedded in it or present in adjacent tissues.
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Regional Terms01:12

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Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the body parts into different regions that contain structures involved in contributing similar functions. Using these terms helps increase the accurate description and identification of the particular region of interest or region affected by the disease.
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Human anatomy is the scientific study of the body's structures. Some of these structures are very small and can only be observed and analyzed with the assistance of a microscope. Other larger structures can readily be seen, manipulated, measured, and weighed. The word "anatomy" comes from a Greek root that means "to cut apart." Human anatomy was first studied by observing the body's exterior and the wounds of soldiers and other injuries. Later, physicians were allowed to...
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Updated: May 28, 2025

Production of Tissue Microarrays, Immunohistochemistry Staining and Digitalization Within the Human Protein Atlas
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Functional tissue units in the Human Reference Atlas.

Supriya Bidanta1, Katy Börner2, Bruce W Herr Ii1

  • 1Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA.

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|February 11, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study catalogs 22 functional tissue units across 10 human organs, detailing their dimensions, vasculature, and cellular makeup. This foundational resource aids in understanding organ function and disease, supporting the Human Reference Atlas initiative.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomical sciences
  • Systems biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Functional tissue units are fundamental to organ structure and function.
  • Understanding these units is crucial for modeling healthy physiology and disease pathology.
  • A standardized catalog is needed for computational analysis and atlas construction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a comprehensive catalog of functional tissue units in human organs.
  • To define their anatomical and cellular characteristics, including vasculature.
  • To support the development of a Human Reference Atlas.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of data on 22 nested functional tissue units from 10 healthy human organs.
  • Mapping anatomical terms to the Uber-anatomy Ontology (Uberon) and cells to Cell Ontology.
  • Development of datasets, illustrations, and a poster visualizing vasculature connections.

Main Results:

  • A catalog of 22 functional tissue units with defined physical dimensions, vasculature, and cellular composition.
  • Standardized metadata using Uberon and Cell Ontology for computational accessibility.
  • Freely available datasets, code, and illustrative materials.

Conclusions:

  • The catalog provides a foundational resource for organ structure and function research.
  • Standardized ontology mapping enhances computational analysis and data integration.
  • This work contributes to the ongoing international effort to build a Human Reference Atlas.