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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

Anticancer Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy with Lung Cancer-Targeted Nanoparticles
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Exploring lung cancer microenvironment: pathways and nanoparticle-based therapies.

Arunabh Arandhara1, Pallabi Bhuyan2, Bhrigu Kumar Das3

  • 1Assam Pharmacy Institute, Titabar, Amgurikhat, Jorhat, Assam, 785632, India.

Discover Oncology
|February 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Lung cancer treatment can be improved by modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). Nanoparticle (NP)-based therapies combined with immunotherapy show promise for enhancing lung cancer treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
Immune checkpoint inhibitorsImmunotherapy,Lung cancerNanoparticlesTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Lung cancer is a leading cause of global mortality, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly impacting disease progression and treatment response.
  • Dysregulated immune responses within the TME can lead to tumor immune evasion, reducing the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on TME modulation strategies for lung cancer.
  • To explore therapeutic prospects, focusing on nanoparticle (NP)-based therapies and their synergy with immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of TME modulation in lung cancer.
  • Analysis of nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems and their interaction with the TME.
  • Evaluation of immunotherapy and nano-therapy combinations.

Main Results:

  • TME modulation is crucial for overcoming treatment resistance in lung cancer.
  • Nanoparticle (NP)-based therapies offer enhanced drug delivery and reduced toxicity via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.
  • Despite advancements, challenges in NP tumor cell uptake and off-target effects require further optimization.

Conclusions:

  • The TME plays a pivotal role in lung cancer management.
  • Combining immunotherapy with nano-therapy presents a promising synergistic approach for improved lung cancer treatment outcomes.