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T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing

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Variable Lymphocyte Receptor B Technologies - Are They Ready for Prime Time?

Arundhati G Nair^1,2, Götz R A Ehrhardt³, Eyal Grunebaum^1,2,3,4

¹Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Immunological Investigations

|February 12, 2025

Summary

Variable Lymphocyte Receptors (VLRs) show significant potential in research and clinical applications. These VLRB-based technologies are being explored for diagnosing, imaging, and treating various diseases, including cancers and infections.

Keywords:

Diagnostics Variable Lymphocyte Receptor B imaging repebody therapeutics

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Biotechnology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Variable Lymphocyte Receptors (VLRs) are unique antigen-binding molecules.
VLRB antibodies (VLRB mAbs) offer novel therapeutic and diagnostic possibilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current and potential research and clinical applications of VLRBs.
To highlight the translational promise of VLRB-based technologies.

Main Methods:

Conducted a literature search for English studies published in the last 20 years.
Included primary reports using terms like "Variable Lymphocyte Receptor," "VLR," "VLRB," or "Repebody."

Main Results:

VLRB technologies are investigated for diagnosis, imaging, and treatment of malignancies, infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and metabolic disorders.
VLRB mAbs can identify disease biomarkers and deliver drugs.
VLRB domains are used in vaccine creation and CAR T-cell therapies for cancer.

Conclusions:

Extensive in vitro and in vivo data support the clinical potential of VLRB mAbs.
VLRB-based approaches are nearing readiness for prime-time clinical application.