Magnetically Stimulated Myogenesis Recruits a CRY2-TRPC1 Photosensitive Signaling Axis
Jan Nikolas Iversen1,2,3, Yee Kit Tai1,2,3,4, Kwan Yu Wu1,2,3
1Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
Cells
|February 12, 2025
Summary
Cryptochromes (CRY2) mediate pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) effects on muscle cell growth, responding to magnetic field direction. Light and CRY2 are crucial for this magnetotransduction pathway.
Area of Science:
- Biophysics
- Cell Biology
- Magnetobiology
Background:
- Cryptochromes are flavoproteins involved in light and magnetic field responses, crucial for circadian rhythms.
- Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) enhance myogenesis via TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ entry, with field directionality mattering.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of cryptochrome circadian regulator 2 (CRY2) in PEMF-induced myogenesis.
- To elucidate the mechanism of magnetotransduction in muscle precursor cells.
Main Methods:
- Cultured myoblasts were exposed to PEMFs under varying light conditions and magnetic field directions.
- Gene manipulation (overexpression/silencing) of CRY2 and riboflavin kinase (RFK) was performed.
- Cellular flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) content was modulated.
- Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were used to detect protein interactions.
Main Results:
- Growth in darkness abolished myoblast sensitivity to PEMFs and directionality.
- CRY2 overexpression enhanced PEMF responses, while silencing reduced them under light.
- Reduced FAD levels (RFK silencing) attenuated PEMF responsiveness and direction selectivity.
- CRY2 and TRPC1 physically interact and co-translocate to the nucleus post-PEMF exposure.
Conclusions:
- CRY2 is essential for mediating PEMF responses in myoblasts, particularly under light conditions.
- CRY2 functions within a TRPC1-dependent cascade for magnetotransduction during myogenesis.
- Light availability and CRY2 expression levels modulate cellular sensitivity to magnetic fields.
Keywords:
cell developmentcircadian rhythmcryptochromesmagnetoreceptionmelanopsinmyogenesisphotomodulationproliferationpulsed electromagnetic fieldsradical pair mechanismMore Related Videos
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