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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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Hyperuniform disordered solids with crystal-like stability.

Yinqiao Wang1, Zhuang Qian2, Hua Tong3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperuniform disordered solids exhibit suppressed density fluctuations and exceptional stability, offering insights into the ideal disordered solid state and potential applications in metamaterials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Hyperuniform disordered solids show suppressed density fluctuations at low wavenumbers.
  • Their relationship with the jamming transition and persistence above it is debated.
  • Understanding these states is key to exploring unique glass properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate and characterize the strongest class of hyperuniform disordered solids.
  • To investigate the exponents associated with hyperuniformity at the jamming transition.
  • To compare the stability of hyperuniform and conventional over-jammed packings.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of over-jammed disordered solids with strong hyperuniformity (power-law density spectrum, α=4).
  • Decompression of packings to marginally jammed states.
  • Analysis of density and contact-number hyperuniformity exponents.
  • Assessment of stability across vibrational, kinetic, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated over-jammed disordered solids with α=4 hyperuniformity.
  • Identified protocol-independent exponents for density (α≈0.25) and contact-number (α≈2) hyperuniformity at the jamming transition.
  • Demonstrated that hyperuniform over-jammed packings exhibit exceptional stability, comparable to crystals.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperuniform over-jammed packings provide crucial insights into the ideal disordered solid state.
  • These packings combine hyperuniformity with ultrastability, making them promising for disordered metamaterials.
  • The findings bridge the gap between hyperuniformity and the jamming transition.