Exploring the Impact of Microgravity on Gene Expression: Dysregulated Pathways and Candidate Repurposed Drugs

Space exploration has progressed from contemporary discoveries to current endeavors, such as space tourism and Mars missions. As human activity in space accelerates, understanding the physiological effects of microgravity on the human body is becoming increasingly critical. This study analyzes transcriptomic data from human cell lines exposed to microgravity, investigates its effects on gene expression, and identifies potential therapeutic interventions for health challenges posed by spaceflight. Our analysis identified five under-expressed genes (DNPH1, EXOSC5, L3MBTL2, LGALS3BP, SPRYD4) and six over-expressed genes (CSGALNACT2, CSNK2A2, HIPK1, MBNL2, PHF21A, RAP1A), all of which exhibited distinct expression patterns in response to microgravity. Enrichment analysis highlighted significant biological functions influenced by these conditions, while in silico drug repurposing identified potential modulators that could counteract these changes. This study introduces a novel approach to addressing health challenges during space missions by repurposing existing drugs and identifies specific genes and pathways as potential biomarkers for microgravity effects on human health. Our findings represent the first systematic effort to repurpose drugs for spaceflight, establishing a foundation for the development of targeted therapies for astronauts. Future research should aim to validate these findings in authentic space environments and explore broader biological impacts.