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Complement Factor B Deficiency Is Dispensable for Female Fertility but Affects Microbiome Diversity and Complement

Manato Sunamoto1, Kazunori Morohoshi1,2, Ban Sato1

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Complement factor B (CFB) is essential for the alternative complement pathway. While dispensable for fertility, CFB regulates gut and vaginal microbiomes by suppressing their diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Complement factor B (CFB) is key to the alternative complement pathway, forming C3 convertase.
  • The role of the alternative complement pathway in reproduction is not well understood.
  • CFB expression occurs in immune and reproductive tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological role of the alternative complement pathway in reproduction.
  • To analyze the reproductive and microbiome phenotypes of CFB-knockout mice.

Main Methods:

  • Generation and phenotypic analysis of CFB-knockout mice.
  • Assessment of sperm function, oocyte numbers, and litter size.
  • Microbiome diversity analysis of gut and vaginal tracts.
  • Measurement of serum serine protease and alternative complement pathway activity.

Main Results:

  • CFB-knockout mice exhibited normal fertility parameters (sperm function, oocyte numbers, litter size).
  • A significant increase in gut and vaginal microbiome diversity was observed in CFB-knockout mice.
  • Serum from CFB-knockout mice showed reduced alternative complement pathway activity, confirming CFB's essential role.

Conclusions:

  • The alternative complement pathway, mediated by CFB, is dispensable for normal fertility and development.
  • CFB plays a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of gut and vaginal microbiomes by controlling their diversity.