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Predictors of Cardiovascular Symptoms Among Long COVID Patients: Data from the Polish Long COVID Cardiovascular

Joanna Kapusta1, Siamala Sinnadurai2,3,4, Mateusz Babicki5

  • 1Department of Internal Diseases, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Female gender and sleep disturbances are key predictors of cardiovascular complications in Long COVID patients. These factors, identified in a study of COVID-19 survivors, highlight important demographic and psychological considerations for clinical practice.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Long COVID is associated with a global increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) among survivors.
  • This rise affects individuals irrespective of prior risk factors or hospitalization history.
  • Identifying predictors for cardiovascular-related Long COVID is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify demographic and psychological predictors of cardiovascular-related Long COVID symptoms.
  • To analyze the prevalence and determinants of quality of life in patients with cardio-LC.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the Polish Long COVID Cardiovascular (PoLoCOV-CVD) study (2020-2022).
  • Categorization of 704 post-SARS-CoV-2 participants into non-Long COVID (non-LC), Long COVID (LC), and Long COVID with cardiovascular symptoms (cardio-LC) groups.
  • Utilized Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression on self-reported data including comorbidities and medications.

Main Results:

  • Cardio-LC patients showed significant differences in blood pressure, elevated LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol compared to the non-LC group.
  • Female gender (p < 0.001) and psychological conditions like sleep disturbances (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), and depression (p < 0.001) were more prevalent in cardio-LC patients.
  • Multivariable analysis identified female gender (OR: 1.66) and sleep disturbances (OR: 1.742) as independent predictors of cardio-LC.

Conclusions:

  • Female gender and sleep disturbances are significant independent predictors of cardiovascular complications in Long COVID.
  • These findings underscore the importance of considering demographic and psychological factors in the clinical evaluation of Long COVID patients.
  • Further attention to these factors may improve the management and outcomes for individuals experiencing cardiovascular issues post-COVID-19.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2cardiovascular diseaselong COVIDnon-hospitalizedpredictors

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