NSCLC: Current Evidence on Its Pathogenesis, Integrated Treatment, and Future Perspectives

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pulmonology
• Cancer Research

Background:

• Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer.
• Its pathogenesis involves complex genetic, environmental, and molecular factors.
• Understanding these factors is key to developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted pathogenesis of NSCLC.
• To discuss current screening and integrated treatment strategies.
• To explore future perspectives in NSCLC management.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on NSCLC pathogenesis and treatment.
• Analysis of molecular alterations, oncogenic drivers, and immune microenvironment.
• Evaluation of surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic approaches.
• Assessment of novel therapeutic modalities including immunotherapy and targeted therapies.

Main Results:

• Surgical treatment is curative for early-stage NSCLC.
• Adjuvant chemotherapy and combined radio-chemotherapy offer benefits.
• Immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors show significant efficacy.
• Targeted therapies based on molecular profiling are crucial.
• CAR-T cell therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, and gene therapies represent future directions.

Conclusions:

• Personalized treatment approaches are essential for NSCLC management.
• Individualized strategies require patient selection based on molecular profile and tumor characteristics.
• Investigating resistance mechanisms and combination therapies is vital for long-term survival.