Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:17

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.0K
The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
2.0K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.3K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.3K
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

25.9K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
25.9K
Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview01:06

Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview

216
Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current...
216

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Do nanoparticles and colloids replenish soil phosphorus in the rhizosphere of winter wheat?

The Science of the total environment·2024
Same author

Microbially Induced Soil Colloidal Phosphorus Mobilization Under Anoxic Conditions.

Environmental science & technology·2024
Same author

Fog controls biological cycling of soil phosphorus in the Coastal Cordillera of the Atacama Desert.

Global change biology·2024
Same author

Screening of Humic Substances Extracted from Leonardite for Free Radical Scavenging Activity Using DPPH Method.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

Magnetoresponsive Functionalized Nanocomposite Aggregation Kinetics and Chain Formation at the Targeted Site during Magnetic Targeting.

Pharmaceutics·2022
Same author

Implications of Free and Occluded Fine Colloids for Organic Matter Preservation in Arable Soils.

Environmental science & technology·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate
08:44

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Published on: February 23, 2016

8.6K

Protolytic Reactions at Electrified TiO2 P25 Interface: Quantitative and Thermodynamic Characterization.

Etelka Tombácz1,2, Dániel Nesztor2, Márta Szekeres2

  • 1Soós Ernő Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, Zrínyi u. 18., H-8800 Nagykanizsa, Hungary.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study purified titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts by removing chlorine impurities. Optimized TiO2 shows a point of zero charge at pH 6.50, crucial for surface reactions.

Keywords:
TiO2 P25calorimetrypartial molar enthalpypotentiometrystandard enthalpysurface chargingsurface complexation model (SCM)titania

More Related Videos

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
11:54

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Published on: February 8, 2018

10.2K
The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance
11:47

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

Published on: July 4, 2017

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2025

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate
08:44

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Published on: February 23, 2016

8.6K
Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
11:54

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Published on: February 8, 2018

10.2K
The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance
11:47

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

Published on: July 4, 2017

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Titania (TiO2) photocatalysts are widely used but can be affected by impurities.
  • Chlorine impurities in TiO2 P25 can alter its surface properties and protolytic reactions.
  • Understanding surface protolytic reactions is key to optimizing photocatalyst performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and quantify protolytic reactions on the surface of chlorine-impurity-containing titania.
  • To purify TiO2 P25 by removing chlorine impurities and assess purification efficiency.
  • To determine the thermodynamic parameters of surface protonation and deprotonation reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Potentiometric and calorimetric acid-base titration were employed to study protolytic reactions.
  • Chlorine (TOX) analysis and acid-base titration were used to verify purification efficiency.
  • The constant capacitance model was applied to fit titration data and calculate surface species quantities.

Main Results:

  • Purification by washing or heat treatment effectively removed chlorine impurities from TiO2 P25.
  • The point of zero charge for the purified titania sample was determined to be pH 6.50.
  • Partial molar enthalpy values for surface protonation ranged from -17.47 to -16.10 kJ/mol, and for deprotonation from 32.53 to 27.08 kJ/mol.

Conclusions:

  • Chlorine impurities significantly impact the surface protolytic behavior of TiO2 photocatalysts.
  • Purified TiO2 exhibits a well-defined point of zero charge and predictable surface reaction thermodynamics.
  • The findings provide essential data for designing and utilizing optimized TiO2 photocatalysts in various applications.