Evaluation of Activities of Daily Living: Current Insights and Future Horizons

Activities of daily living (ADL) assessments are crucial for evaluating functional independence and formulating care strategies for older adults. However, the existing tools encounter challenges, including cultural bias, subjectivity, and limited sensitivity to subtle changes in functional abilities. This review examines these limitations across basic, instrumental, and extended ADL categories and explores the integration of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, sensor-based systems, and remote monitoring tools, to address these gaps. Technological advancements have the potential to enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and inclusivity of ADL assessment by providing objective data, supporting real-time evaluations, and enabling personalized care plans. By bridging the gap between traditional methods and innovative technologies, this review highlights a pathway for more equitable and effective assessments, ensuring that older adults across diverse contexts receive tailored support to maintain their independence and improve their quality of life.