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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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US Abortion Bans and Fertility.

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Abortion bans are linked to increased birth rates, especially among disadvantaged groups. These policies disproportionately affect marginalized communities, highlighting significant population-level impacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Health Policy
  • Demography

Background:

  • Abortion bans may increase births among individuals facing barriers to care.
  • Population-level effects and disparate impacts of abortion bans remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess how abortion bans affect fertility rates across different states and subpopulations in the US.
  • To examine the heterogeneity in the association between abortion bans and fertility changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized birth certificate and US Census Bureau data (2012-2023) for all 50 states and DC.
  • Employed a Bayesian panel data model to analyze fertility changes associated with complete or 6-week abortion bans.
  • Estimated changes in fertility rates by age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, and insurance payer.

Main Results:

  • States with abortion bans saw an estimated 1.70% increase in fertility rates, totaling over 22,000 excess births.
  • Disproportionate increases were observed in racially minoritized, unmarried, younger (under 35), Medicaid-enrolled, and less educated populations.
  • Variations in race/ethnicity and education levels across states significantly contributed to the observed fertility rate changes.

Conclusions:

  • Fertility rates were higher in states with abortion bans than expected, particularly among structurally disadvantaged subpopulations.
  • The findings underscore the unequal impacts of abortion bans on diverse demographic groups.
  • These results are particularly relevant for states with poorer maternal and child health outcomes.