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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

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Adaptive evolution of CENP-T modulates centromere binding.

Damian Dudka1, Alexandra L Nguyen2, Katelyn G Boese1

  • 1Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|February 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Centromeric proteins rapidly evolve to prevent selfish DNA from disrupting cell division. Adaptive evolution in CENP-T protein reduces centromere binding, ensuring proper chromosome segregation during female meiosis.

Keywords:
CENP-Tadaptive evolutioncentromerecentromere drivefemale meiosismouse oocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Centromeric DNA and proteins evolve quickly, yet their role in cell division is conserved.
  • Selfish DNA sequences can exploit centromeric proteins to bias chromosome segregation, a phenomenon known as meiotic drive.
  • Centromeric protein evolution is hypothesized to counteract selfish DNA by preventing preferential binding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of adaptive evolution in the DNA-binding histone fold domain of CENP-T.
  • To determine how adaptive changes in CENP-T affect centromere binding and female meiosis.
  • To test if centromeric protein adaptation is dependent on specific centromeric DNA sequences.

Main Methods:

  • Created chimeric CENP-T variants using histone fold domains from related species.
  • Expressed these variants in mouse oocytes and a transgenic mouse model.
  • Compared binding affinities of different CENP-T variants to various centromeric DNA arrays.

Main Results:

  • Adaptive evolution in mouse CENP-T decreased centromere binding, supporting female gametogenesis.
  • This adaptive innovation was independent of specific centromeric DNA sequences.
  • Divergent CENP-T variants showed varied binding to different centromeric satellite arrays.

Conclusions:

  • Supports a model where selfish DNA drives fixation, disrupting attachments for all centromeres.
  • Centromeric proteins adapt by altering binding to all centromeres, rather than through DNA sequence-specific adaptations.
  • Adaptive evolution of CENP-T is crucial for mitigating fitness costs associated with selfish DNA during meiosis.