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Related Concept Videos

Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data01:23

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data

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A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

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The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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The International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: 2026 Annual Pediatric Heart Transplantation Report, Trends and Post-transplant Outcomes by Recipient Sex.

The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation·2026
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
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Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease

Published on: August 9, 2024

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OPTN/SRTR 2023 Annual Data Report: Heart.

Monica M Colvin1, Jodi M Smith2, Yoon Son Ahn3

  • 1Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
|February 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The 2018 adult heart transplant policy revision has positively impacted heart transplantation, increasing rates and decreasing waitlist deaths. Despite challenges, it benefits high-acuity patients and shows favorable outcomes for multiorgan transplants.

Keywords:
Allocationdonorheart failureheart transplantleft ventricular assist devicemechanical circulatory supportoutcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Transplant Surgery
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • The 2018 adult heart transplant policy revision aimed to improve organ allocation and patient outcomes.
  • Significant increases in heart transplant numbers and changes in donor prevalence have been observed post-policy implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of the 2018 adult heart transplant policy revision on transplant rates, waitlist mortality, and patient acuity.
  • To analyze trends in adult and pediatric heart transplantation, including multiorgan transplants and outcomes for specific patient populations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of national heart transplant data from 2012 to 2023.
  • Comparison of transplant rates, waitlist mortality, and posttransplant survival before and after the 2018 policy revision.
  • Examination of outcomes for different patient acuities, diagnoses (including congenital heart disease), and multiorgan transplant recipients.

Main Results:

  • Adult heart transplants increased significantly, with a record 4,092 in 2023, driven by the 2018 policy's favorable impact.
  • Waitlist mortality in adults reached a low of 8.5 deaths per 100 patient-years in 2023; higher acuity patients received transplants more rapidly.
  • Pediatric heart transplant rates decreased, leading to longer wait times, despite an increase in high-urgency listings.

Conclusions:

  • The 2018 adult heart transplant policy revision has successfully increased transplant rates and reduced waitlist mortality, particularly for high-acuity patients.
  • While adult outcomes are favorable, adults with congenital heart disease require further research for improved posttransplant survival.
  • Pediatric heart transplantation faces challenges with decreased transplant rates and increased wait times, necessitating policy review.