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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

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[Pathological Complete Response following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Lower Rectal Cancer-A Case

Tomonori Nomura1, Hideki Osawa, Shinichi Yoshioka

  • 1Dept. of Surgery, Yao Municipal Hospital.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|February 14, 2025
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Summary

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) shows promise for locally advanced rectal cancer. This treatment led to a complete response in one patient, suggesting NAC is a viable option.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) presents significant treatment challenges.
  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is increasingly utilized to improve outcomes in LARC.
  • Optimizing NAC regimens is crucial for enhancing treatment efficacy and patient response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in a patient with locally advanced rectal cancer.
  • To assess the pathological response following NAC and subsequent surgical intervention.
  • To determine the potential of NAC as a treatment option for LARC.

Main Methods:

  • A 56-year-old male patient diagnosed with rectal cancer (cT3N1aM0, cStage IIIB) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
  • The NAC regimen consisted of capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) for 4 courses.
  • Treatment response was assessed via imaging and pathological examination after robot-assisted surgery.

Main Results:

  • Initial diagnosis was cT3N1aM0, indicating locally advanced rectal cancer with lymph node involvement.
  • After 4 courses of CAPOX, restaging revealed a significant downstaging to ycT2N0M0.
  • Pathological examination post-surgery confirmed a complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with CAPOX demonstrated significant efficacy in downstaging locally advanced rectal cancer.
  • A complete pathological response suggests NAC can be a highly effective strategy for LARC.
  • This case supports the consideration of NAC as a viable treatment option for patients with LARC.