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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

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The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
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Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
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Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

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In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

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Plasma Proteins Predict Kidney Function Trajectories in Type 2 Diabetes.

Resham L Gurung1,2, Huili Zheng1, Jia Le Ivan Tan1

  • 1Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|February 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma proteins predict kidney function decline in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Specific proteins like KIM-1 and MMP7 are linked to accelerated decline, improving prediction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories.

Keywords:
biomarkersdiabetes kidney diseaseproteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline varies significantly in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  • Understanding factors influencing diverse eGFR trajectories is crucial for managing diabetic kidney disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify plasma proteins associated with distinct eGFR decline patterns in T2D patients.
  • To assess the predictive value of these proteins for kidney function trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Latent class mixed models were used to identify eGFR trajectories in T2D cohorts (SMART2D and DN).
  • Proteomic analysis identified plasma proteins associated with identified eGFR trajectories using multivariable logistic regression.
  • Model performance was evaluated by adding identified proteins to traditional risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Three eGFR trajectories were identified: slow (92.2%), progressive (4.0%), and accelerated (3.8%) decline.
  • Accelerated decline was associated with the highest risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
  • Nineteen proteins, including KIM-1, MMP7, and VSIG4, were linked to accelerated decline, and THBD to progressive decline, independent of risk factors. Adding these proteins improved prediction AUC for progressive and accelerated decline.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct plasma proteins are associated with progressive and accelerated eGFR decline in T2D.
  • These proteins offer predictive value for eGFR trajectories beyond traditional cardio-renal risk factors.
  • Identification of novel protein biomarkers may aid in early detection and intervention for diabetic kidney disease.