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Updated: May 27, 2025

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Standardizing surgical training with objective performance indicators: a prospective cohort study.

Sarah Choksi1,2, Mattia Ballo3,4, Craig Profant3,4

  • 1Intraoperative Performance Analytics Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA. sarah.choksi@outlook.com.

Surgical Endoscopy
|February 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Practicing robotic surgery skills on either virtual reality (VR) simulators or dry lab models significantly improves objective performance indicators (OPIs). Both training methods yield comparable skill improvements for surgical trainees.

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Education
  • Robotic Surgery Training
  • Medical Simulation

Background:

  • Current robotic surgery training lacks comparative analysis between virtual reality (VR) simulators and traditional benchtop models.
  • Objective performance indicators (OPIs) and kinematic data offer a method for standardized assessment of surgical skills.
  • The study investigates the efficacy of VR versus dry lab practice for robotic surgery skill acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To objectively assess robotic surgical skills using the Intuitive Data recorder (IDR) and OPIs.
  • To compare the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) versus dry lab practice in improving surgical skills.
  • To hypothesize that practice improves OPIs, with dry lab practice yielding greater improvements than VR.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
Robotic surgerySurgical educationSurgical simulation

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  • Utilized the IDR to record kinematic data for five basic surgical tasks on a dry lab model for baseline assessment.
  • Randomized 27 surgeons into two groups: one practicing on the dry lab model, the other on the Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery (FRS) SimNow VR simulator.
  • Re-assessed participants on the dry lab model post-practice and analyzed kinematic profiles using statistical tests (t-tests, ANOVA).

    • Main Results:

    • Significant improvements in kinematic profiles were observed across multiple surgical tasks (rollercoaster, suturing, railroad, knot tying) after practice.
    • Key metrics such as bimanual dexterity, angular motion, and smoothness showed consistent improvement.
    • No significant differences in kinematic profiles were found between participants who practiced on VR versus the dry lab model.

    Conclusions:

    • Objective performance indicators (OPIs) can effectively benchmark surgical trainee competency.
    • Virtual reality (VR) simulation is non-inferior to dry lab models for robotic surgery practice.
    • Identified skill-specific OPI improvement patterns can personalize robotic surgery training programs.