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Highly Extensible Physically Crosslinked Hydrogels for High-Speed 3D Bioprinting.

Ye Eun Song1, Noah Eckman2, Samya Sen1

  • 1Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|February 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces highly extensible hydrogel bioinks for faster 3D bioprinting. Optimizing hydrogel extensibility enhances printing speed and feature resolution, improving cell viability and construct generation.

Keywords:
3D printingextensibilityhydrogelstress relaxationviscoelasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Hydrogels are vital for bioprinting due to biocompatibility and cell support.
  • Limitations in printing speed hinder hydrogel bioink efficiency, impacting cell viability and construct complexity.
  • Existing hydrogel bioinks often lack the necessary properties for high-speed applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly extensible and shear-thinning hydrogel bioink system.
  • To investigate the relationship between hydrogel rheology, extensibility, and printability.
  • To enhance 3D bioprinting speed and precision using advanced hydrogel formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Physically crosslinked hydrogels were formulated using hydrophobically-modified cellulosics with surfactants or cyclodextrins.
  • Rheological properties, including shear-thinning behavior, viscoelasticity, and stress-relaxation, were modulated by composition.
  • Extensibility was quantified by measuring extensional strain-to-break values.
  • Printability was assessed by correlating extensibility with print speed and feature size.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogel system exhibited high shear-thinning behavior and tunable viscoelasticity.
  • Extensional strain-to-break values reached up to 2000%, indicating significant extensibility.
  • Increased hydrogel extensibility directly correlated with faster print speeds and smaller feature sizes.
  • A >5000-fold enhancement in speed index was achieved compared to existing hydrogel bioinks.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing hydrogel extensibility is crucial for advancing high-speed 3D bioprinting.
  • The developed hydrogel system offers a promising platform for efficient and precise bioprinting.
  • This work paves the way for improved cell viability and complex construct generation in bioprinting applications.