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Cultivating Rural Surgeons: An Analysis of the Current Rural Surgery Graduate Medical Education Landscape and a

Mustafa Abid1, Lori Rodefeld2, Mukesh Adhikari3

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Summary

Rural general surgery residency programs are scarce, with less than 2% training the majority in rural areas. New funding exists, but program growth remains limited, impacting surgeon workforce needs.

Keywords:
Graduate Medical EducationResidency ExpansionRural SurgeryRural Track Programs

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Rural Health

Background:

  • General surgery residency programs are crucial for developing surgical expertise.
  • A significant disparity exists in the distribution of surgical training opportunities between urban and rural areas.
  • Addressing rural surgeon workforce shortages requires dedicated training initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present current data on the composition and prevalence of rural general surgery residency programs.
  • To identify and describe emerging mechanisms and resources that can facilitate the establishment of rural surgical training programs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) general surgery residency data for 2022-2023.
  • Geocoding of training sites to define rural program components.
  • Literature review and expert consensus to identify resources for rural graduate medical education (GME) expansion.

Main Results:

  • Less than 2% of general surgery residencies are primarily rural.
  • Approximately 10% of programs have training sites in nonmetropolitan counties, and 13.3% in Federal Office of Rural Health Policy (FORHP) rural areas.
  • Recent policy changes offer Medicare GME funding for programs expanding to rural sites.

Conclusions:

  • Despite new funding avenues, the development of rural general surgery residency programs is limited.
  • Rural surgical training is vital for mitigating future surgeon shortages.
  • Leveraging state and federal financial support can enhance rural rotations and residencies.