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Borderline Intellectual Functioning: A Scoping Review.

Cristina Orío-Aparicio¹, Carmen López-Escribano¹, Cristina Bel-Fenellós¹

¹Faculty of Education Teacher Training Center, Department of Research and Psychology in Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR

|February 16, 2025

Summary

Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) lacks clear diagnostic criteria and recognition. Research primarily focuses on cognitive and psychiatric aspects, neglecting crucial adaptive functioning and individual perspectives.

Keywords:

adaptive functioning borderline intellectual functioning (BIF)intellectual disability scoping review

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience and Psychology
Clinical Psychology

Background:

Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) presents cognitive limitations impacting daily life.
BIF is increasingly marginalized in diagnostic manuals (DSM-5-TR, ICD-11), necessitating a clearer understanding.
Unclear diagnostic criteria for BIF highlight the need for further research.

Approach:

A scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR framework was conducted.
Searched ProQuest, WoS, SCOPUS, and EBSCOhost databases for literature published since 2012.
Included 138 academic and grey literature documents in English or Spanish focusing on BIF as a distinct group.

Key Points:

Literature analysis categorized research into intellectual functioning, adaptive functioning, and comprehensive evaluation additions.
Most studies concentrated on comorbid disorders and cognitive aspects of BIF.
Adaptive functioning, critical for diagnosis and support, was explicitly addressed in few studies, despite coverage of its domains.

Conclusions:

A clearer definition of Borderline Intellectual Functioning is essential.
Future research must integrate the lived experiences of individuals with BIF.
Understanding BIF requires a holistic approach encompassing cognitive, adaptive, and individual perspectives.