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Understanding Adaptive Skills in Borderline Intellectual Functioning: A Systematic Review.

Cristina Orío-Aparicio¹, Cristina Bel-Fenellós¹, Carmen López-Escribano¹

¹Department of Research and Psychology in Education, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

|March 26, 2025

Summary

Individuals with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) face challenges in conceptual, social, and practical skills. Societal barriers limit support, but legislative efforts aim to improve labor market integration for this group.

Keywords:

adaptive behavior adaptive functioning borderline intellectual disability borderline intellectual functioning borderline intelligence systematic review

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Neuroscience
Developmental Disabilities

Background:

Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) affects individuals with IQs between 70-85 and adaptive deficits.
BIF is often overlooked by traditional diagnostic and support systems for intellectual disabilities.
Understanding adaptive functioning in BIF is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and profile the adaptive functioning of individuals with BIF.
To identify challenges and resources related to BIF support.
To inform diagnostic and support systems regarding BIF.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review across ProQuest, WoS, SCOPUS, and EBSCOhost databases.
Inclusion of 64 documents published from 2012 to present, focusing on BIF and adaptive functioning.
Quality assessment using the SSAHS tool and synthesis across conceptual, social, and practical domains.

Main Results:

Individuals with BIF exhibit significant difficulties across conceptual, social, and practical adaptive functioning domains.
Persistent societal barriers hinder access to essential support services for the BIF population.
Emerging resources, including legislative initiatives for labor market integration, show promise.

Conclusions:

Adaptive functioning in individuals with BIF is broadly impaired, necessitating tailored support.
Addressing societal barriers is critical for improving service accessibility for BIF.
Further research and policy development are needed to support the integration and well-being of individuals with BIF.