Sinonasal inverted papilloma from diagnosis to treatment - a narrative review

Inverted papilloma (IP) is a non-cancerous tumor that develops from the paranasal sinuses. Identifying and diagnosing an IP is vital for an ear, nose and throat specialist, due to its high recurrence rate and ability to transform into malignant carcinoma. Diagnosis is based on endonasal flexible endoscopy, preoperative biopsy, and imaging methods. Treatment is exclusively surgical, and its aim is the complete resection of the tumor to prevent further recurrences. The success of surgery depends on employing the most appropriate surgical technique. The choice should be tailored to the tumor's location, size, and the patient's specific anatomy. Endoscopic, open, or even combined approaches may be considered. Notably, attachment-oriented surgery is the cornerstone in endoscopic endonasal approaches. Regardless of the chosen approach, long-term surveillance is vital, as early detection provides the benefit of easier re-resection.