THE EFFECTS OF RESTRICTIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MENTAL HEALTH OF THE ELDERLY

Regular physical activity and maintaining fitness reduce the risk of chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, reduce the risk of exacerbation of existing diseases, maintain physical and mental health, and contribute to healthy and successful aging in the elderly. It is of particular importance during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this review is to present relevant knowledge about the effects of restrictions and social distancing established with the aim of suppressing the COVID-19 pandemic, on physical activity and mental health of elderly people. During the pandemic, numerous authors have reported a decrease in the share of physically active population and those that used to exercise regularly. The time spent in activity decreases, energy expenditure decreases, and the time spent sedentary increases although the results in all segments related to physical activity are not consistent. Lockdown measures significantly worsen insomnia, sleep quality, feelings of loneliness, anxiety and depression in older people, especially in women. During the restrictive measures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, physical activity and exercise significantly contribute to the maintenance and improvement of physical and mental health.