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DIAGNOSIS AND HABILITATION OF CONGENITAL MUSCULAR TORTICOLLIS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW.

Valentina Matijević1,2,3, Danijel Mikulić4, Danijela Rašić Markota5

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.

Acta Clinica Croatica
|February 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a common infant condition causing head tilt. Early diagnosis and a tailored physical therapy program are crucial for successful treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
Congenital torticollisInfantPhysical therapy modalities

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a frequent congenital musculoskeletal deformity.
  • It presents as a tilted head position due to sternocleidomastoid muscle hypertonia and limited cervical mobility.
  • Incidences range up to 16%, predominantly in male infants, often associated with plagiocephaly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and intervention for congenital muscular torticollis.
  • To highlight the key components of an individualized habilitation program for CMT.
  • To underscore early treatment as the primary modifiable prognostic factor for CMT outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical history and physical examination.
  • Treatment is conservative, involving individualized habilitation programs.
  • Programs include stretching, strengthening, symmetrical motor activities, environmental adaptation, and parental education for home-based therapy.

Main Results:

  • Early screening of infants up to four months is recommended.
  • Conservative treatment with individualized habilitation programs is effective.
  • The degree of CMT dictates the specific habilitation plan.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and intensive, individualized therapy are paramount for optimal congenital muscular torticollis outcomes.
  • Prompt implementation of treatment speeds recovery and improves prognosis.
  • Parental involvement in daily home programs is essential for successful management.