Signaling pathways in glioblastoma

Area of Science:

• Neuro-oncology
• Cancer genetics
• Molecular pathology

Background:

• Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant Central Nervous System (CNS) tumor.
• Despite standard treatments, GBM patients face poor prognosis, high recurrence rates, and limited survival.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) now incorporates molecular biomarkers into GBM classification since 2016.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology and classification of GBM.
• To explore genetic alterations and their impact on signaling pathways crucial for tumorigenesis, treatment response, and prognosis.
• To highlight the importance of understanding GBM's genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity for novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on epidemiology, classification, and genetic alterations in GBM.
• Analysis of signaling pathway changes driven by genetic modifications.
• Synthesis of current knowledge on GBM pathogenesis and therapeutic implications.

Main Results:

• GBM exhibits significant genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity.
• Specific genetic alterations influence tumorigenesis, treatment efficacy, and patient outcomes.
• Molecular biomarkers are essential for classifying GBM and guiding treatment.

Conclusions:

• Characterizing GBM's genetic landscape is vital for comprehending its pathogenesis.
• Understanding molecular heterogeneity enables personalized treatment approaches for GBM patients.
• Further research into genetic alterations can lead to improved therapeutic strategies and patient survival.