Development of updated population norms for the SF-36 for Hungary and comparison with 1997-1998 norms

Hungarian SF-36 population norm data were last collected in 1997-1998 and have not been updated since, reducing their relevance and limiting their usability and comparability. This study aimed to establish contemporary normative data for the SF-36 domain and standardised summary scores in Hungary and compare them to the previous population norms.

An online cross-sectional survey, including the SF-36v1, was conducted among 1,700 members of the Hungarian adult general population in 2020. The sample demonstrated good representativeness across key sociodemographic characteristics. Normative data were calculated for domains using raw scores and for summary scores using country-specific factor score coefficients derived from exploratory factor analysis. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to examine the association of domain and summary scores with sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. Raw domain scores were compared with the 1997-1998 norms.

Males reported higher scores (better health) in seven out of eight domains (p < 0.001). Mean standardised PCS scores decreased, whereas MCS scores increased with age (p < 0.001). Compared to the 1997-1998 population norms, the 18-24 and 25-34 age groups reported lower, while the 65 + age group reported higher scores in all eight domains. Higher scores were reported in 2020 from the 35-44 age group onward on the role physical, bodily pain, social functioning, and role emotional domains.

This study established contemporary population norms for the SF-36 in Hungary. Our results highlight the changes in health status in the general population, particularly in young adults, compared to the 1997-1998 population norms, and provide valuable input to inform decision-makers.