Dual targeting carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as promising therapeutic approach: a structural overview

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Pharmacology
• Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

• Dual-target inhibitor strategies address multifactorial diseases like cancer, inflammation, and neurological disorders.
• These strategies enhance therapeutic outcomes, minimize side effects, and prevent drug resistance by targeting multiple disease pathways.
• Human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) are validated targets due to their roles in pH balance, ion transport, and fluid regulation, with dysregulation linked to various pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review structural findings in the development of novel therapeutics using dual-targeting strategies.
• To highlight the potential of human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in dual-targeting drug development for complex diseases.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on structural biology and medicinal chemistry of dual-target inhibitors.
• Analysis of studies involving human carbonic anhydrases as a component of dual-targeting approaches.

Main Results:

• Identification of human carbonic anhydrases as suitable targets for dual-inhibitor design.
• Exploration of structural insights for developing novel therapeutics that combine hCA inhibition with modulation of a second target.

Conclusions:

• Dual-targeting inhibitors, particularly those involving hCAs, represent a promising therapeutic avenue for complex diseases.
• Further structural studies are crucial for designing effective dual-targeting drugs with improved efficacy and reduced resistance.