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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Trajectory of Cognitive Function After Incident Heart Failure.

Supriya Shore1, Hanyu Li2, Min Zhang3

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine (S. Shore, B.K.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Circulation. Heart Failure
|February 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

New heart failure (HF) diagnosis is linked to immediate cognitive decline, particularly in global cognition and executive function. These cognitive deficits persist and worsen over time following an HF diagnosis.

Keywords:
cognitiondementiaexecutive functionheart failure

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The impact of incident heart failure (HF) on cognitive function remains incompletely understood.
  • Existing research has not fully accounted for pre-HF cognitive trajectories or other cognitive determinants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between incident heart failure (HF) diagnosis and subsequent cognitive changes.
  • To evaluate cognitive trajectories after HF, controlling for pre-existing cognitive status and participant characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • A pooled cohort study utilizing data from 6 US population-based studies (1971-2019).
  • Linear mixed-effects models were employed to estimate cognitive change rates post-HF diagnosis.
  • Global cognition, executive function, and memory were assessed as primary and secondary outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Incident heart failure (HF) diagnosis was associated with an initial decrease in global cognition (-1.1 points) and executive function (-0.6 points).
  • Participants with HF showed accelerated and sustained declines in global cognition (-0.1 points/year) and executive function (-0.2 points/year).
  • Memory decline showed a similar trend but did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:

  • Incident heart failure (HF) diagnosis is linked to significant initial reductions in global cognition and executive function.
  • Cognitive function, particularly global cognition and executive function, experiences faster and persistent declines following an HF diagnosis.
  • These findings highlight the substantial cognitive impact of heart failure.