Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

49.0K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
49.0K
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

16.6K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
16.6K
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

6.0K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.0K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

50.0K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
50.0K
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

25.9K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
25.9K
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

8.9K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
8.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decoding cadmium toxicity in spiders: F-actin and Hippo pathway insights.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·2026
Same author

Metal-Organic Framework as a Bioorthogonal Catalyst for Gene Editing.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Transplantation immunology: paradigm shift from systemic suppression to microenvironment remodeling and precision modulation.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026
Same author

Correction: The influence of pain on the cognitive function of middle-aged and older couples in China.

BMC psychology·2026
Same author

Solvent-Modulated Orthogonal Release from Covalent Organic Frameworks Enables Sequential Multiomics Enrichment.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

A simplified strategy for chest wall reconstruction: locoregional flaps as a reliable alternative in resource-limited settings.

BMC surgery·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2025

Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors
09:22

Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors

Published on: February 28, 2021

5.4K

Strategic base modifications refine RNA function and reduce CRISPR-Cas9 off-targets.

Kaisong Zhang1, Wei Shen1, Yunting Zhao1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.

Nucleic Acids Research
|February 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces 5-carboxylcytosine (ca5C) base modifications for RNA regulation. This novel approach enhances CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing precision by minimizing off-target effects.

More Related Videos

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
08:20

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization

Published on: September 2, 2021

4.1K
Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
11:35

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2017

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2025

Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors
09:22

Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors

Published on: February 28, 2021

5.4K
A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
08:20

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization

Published on: September 2, 2021

4.1K
Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
11:35

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2017

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Traditional RNA modification targets the 2'-OH group.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing requires precise control to minimize off-target effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore strategic base modifications in RNA using 5-carboxylcytosine (ca5C).
  • To develop a method for transforming ca5C into dihydrouracil for RNA base mutation.
  • To apply this technique for enhanced control of CRISPR-Cas9 activity.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical transformation of 5-carboxylcytosine (ca5C) to dihydrouracil using borane-pyridine or 2-picoline borane complexes.
  • Application of modified RNA in CRISPR-Cas9 systems.

Main Results:

  • Successfully transformed ca5C into dihydrouracil, inducing RNA base mutations.
  • Demonstrated effective management of CRISPR-Cas9 system activities.
  • Significantly minimized off-target effects in gene editing.

Conclusions:

  • This base modification strategy offers a novel approach to RNA manipulation.
  • Provides precise control over gene editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9.
  • Shows potential for broad applications in chemical biology and beyond.