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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Meta-analysis
  • Research methodology

Background:

  • Preregistration of studies is increasingly common in psychology.
  • Preregistered studies can reduce publication bias in meta-analyses as they are traceable even if unpublished.
  • Existing meta-analysis methods do not differentiate between preregistered and nonpreregistered studies, potentially skewing results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce the hybrid extended meta-analysis (HYEMA) method.
  • Develop a method that accounts for preregistered versus nonpreregistered studies.
  • Correct for publication bias specifically in nonpreregistered studies within a meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • The hybrid extended meta-analysis (HYEMA) method is proposed.
  • HYEMA corrects for publication bias only in nonpreregistered studies.
  • The method was applied to meta-analyses of the red-romance hypothesis and money priming effects.

Main Results:

  • Application of HYEMA to two psychological meta-analyses yielded effect size estimates closer to zero compared to traditional random-effects models.
  • Simulation studies demonstrated HYEMA's superior performance over existing methods (random-effects model, PET, PET-PEESE) when publication bias is present.
  • The proposed method offers improved accuracy in meta-analytic conclusions.

Conclusions:

  • HYEMA is recommended as a sensitivity analysis when meta-analyses include both preregistered and nonpreregistered studies.
  • The method enhances the reliability of meta-analytic findings by addressing differential susceptibility to publication bias.
  • Accessible R code and a web application are provided to facilitate the use of HYEMA.