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Horizontal direction estimation performance of combined vertical line array incorporating single vector hydrophone.

Yadong Liu1,2, Erzheng Fang1,2,3, Zhonghao Huo1,2

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|February 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new combined vertical array (CVA) enhances sonar direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for small underwater platforms. This method improves horizontal bearing accuracy using joint sound pressure and particle velocity signals.

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Area of Science:

  • Underwater acoustics
  • Signal processing
  • Array signal processing

Background:

  • Small underwater platforms have limited spatial and energy resources for sonar systems.
  • Traditional sonar arrays face constraints in structure, weight, and channel count.
  • Vertical line arrays are insensitive to azimuthal variations, limiting horizontal direction estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance direction of arrival (DOA) estimation capabilities for small platform sonars.
  • To investigate a combined vertical array (CVA) for improved sonar performance.
  • To develop a novel DOA estimation algorithm for joint signal processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a combined vertical array (CVA) comprising a vector hydrophone and pressure hydrophones.
  • Developing a novel DOA estimation algorithm based on joint processing of sound pressure and particle velocity signals.
  • Deriving expressions for CVA horizontal gain and simulating parameter impacts using Monte Carlo methods.

Main Results:

  • The CVA demonstrates enhanced horizontal bearing estimation capability compared to single vector hydrophones.
  • Joint processing of sound pressure and particle velocity signals achieves 3D gain transformation.
  • Simulations and experiments confirm superior horizontal DOA estimation accuracy of the CVA.
  • High-frequency gain stability is unaffected by elevation direction grating lobes.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed CVA and joint processing algorithm significantly improve DOA estimation accuracy for sonar on constrained platforms.
  • The CVA offers high-precision, unambiguous target direction estimation.
  • This approach overcomes limitations of traditional sonar arrays in challenging underwater environments.