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Virtual Reality Interventions and Chronic Pain: Scoping Review.

Michael E Ding1, Hajar Traiba1, Hector R Perez1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.

Journal of Medical Internet Research
|February 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Virtual reality (VR) shows promise for chronic pain management, but current research is highly variable. Future studies need more theoretical rigor and systematic side effect assessment for generalizable knowledge.

Keywords:
PRISMAUSadultsaginganxiety disorderschronic paindescriptive–analytical methodefficacyhealth conditionhealth interventionmonitoringmoodpain managementscoping reviewtherapeuticvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Health Technology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Virtual reality (VR) interventions are increasingly used for mood, anxiety, and pain disorders.
  • VR offers therapeutic benefits by immersing users in controlled environments, reducing distractions.
  • Existing research on VR for chronic pain lacks uniformity in methods and devices, limiting generalizability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of VR studies on chronic pain.
  • To analyze intervention types, chosen outcomes, participant samples, and generated data.
  • To identify gaps and guide future research in VR for chronic pain.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review of CINAHL and PubMed for "virtual reality" and "pain" in adult chronic pain patients.
  • Included immersive VR interventions delivered via headsets.
  • Excluded non-study reports, studies without a chronic pain component, and those not involving adults.

Main Results:

  • 36 articles were analyzed, revealing heterogeneity in chronic pain types and VR intervention approaches.
  • Outcomes, degree of immersion, and side effect monitoring varied significantly across studies.
  • Limited systematic exploration of immersion and inadequate side effect reporting were noted.

Conclusions:

  • The current body of literature on VR for chronic pain lacks theoretical rigor and consistency.
  • Future research should prioritize theoretically grounded studies focusing on mechanisms.
  • Systematic assessment of side effects is crucial for developing robust, generalizable VR interventions for chronic pain.