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Pulmonary regional blood flow: validation of low-dose two-volume dynamic CT perfusion imaging in a swine model
Yixiao Zhao1, Nile Luu1, Logan Hubbard1
1Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Background:
We aimed to validate a low-dose two-volume pulmonary computed tomography (CT) perfusion technique.
Methods:
Five Yorkshire swine (weight 53.6 ± 2.6 kg) underwent 21 independent CT perfusion acquisitions. Intravenous contrast material (370 mg/mL iodine, 0.5 mL/kg) and saline chaser (0.5 mL/kg) were injected at 5 mL/s for each acquisition. Two-volume and multivolume dynamic CT perfusion data were acquired using a 320-slice CT, with multivolume measurements serving as the reference standard. The two-volume CT perfusion involved a low-dose (50 mA) volume scan before contrast injection and a diagnostic (300 mA) volume scan after bolus-tracking in the main pulmonary artery at the peak contrast enhancement. Multivolume CT perfusion included 15-20 volume scans for blood flow measurement. Paired sample t-test, linear regression, and Bland-Altman analysis compared both global and regional two-volume perfusion measurements to the reference standard. The reproducibility of the two-volume CT perfusion was assessed from two independent measurements under the same perfusion condition.
Results:
Two-volume global perfusion measurements (P2V) were related to reference multivolume (PMV) measurements by P2V = 0.96 × PMV + 0.45 (r = 0.92), with a root-mean-square error of 1.29 mL/min/g and a root-mean-square deviation of 1.29 mL/min/g. The CT dose index for the two-volume and multivolume CT perfusion measurements were 9.3 mGy and 184.8 mGy, respectively.
Conclusion:
We successfully validated a prospective, two-volume CT perfusion technique in a swine model. The findings affirm the feasibility of accurate and reproducible pulmonary blood flow measurement.
Relevance Statement:
This two-volume CT pulmonary perfusion technique, validated in a swine model, demonstrates the feasibility of blood flow measurement with a substantial reduction in radiation exposure. It could allow low-dose regional blood flow measurement in the assessment of pulmonary artery disease in humans.
Key Points:
Lung perfusion can be measured in mL/min/g using a prospective, two-volume CT technique. Flow measurement is achievable in a swine model with a radiation dose as low as 9.3 mGy. CT angiography and perfusion can be acquired following a single contrast injection.
