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Effects of physical exercise on phoria: a pilot study.
Davide Marini1, Jacopo Calastri2, Silvia Maddii1,3
1Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Strabismus
|February 19, 2025
Summary
Physical exercise significantly impacts horizontal phoria, causing temporary shifts towards esophoria or exophoria. Myopic individuals experienced greater phoria changes than emmetropic ones after workouts.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Sports Medicine
- Vision Science
Background:
- Diplopia and heterotropia can occur during physical exertion, but the effect of exercise on phoria remains unclear.
- Phoria, a latent eye deviation, can be influenced by various physiological factors, including physical activity.
- Understanding exercise-induced phoria changes is crucial for athletes' visual performance and comfort.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of a combined aerobic and anaerobic exercise regimen on horizontal phoria in young adults.
- To compare the effects of exercise on horizontal phoria between ametropic and emmetropic individuals.
Main Methods:
- Twenty young competitive soccer players (10 ametropic, 10 emmetropic) underwent horizontal phoria assessment using a Risley-Maddox rotating prism.
- Measurements were taken at rest and at multiple intervals (immediately, 5, 10, 25 minutes) post-exercise.
- The exercise protocol included both aerobic and anaerobic components.
Main Results:
- Horizontal phoria significantly changed over time following exercise, exhibiting a quadratic pattern of increase and subsequent decrease.
- Emmetropic subjects showed a trend towards increased esophoria, while ametropic subjects (myopic) exhibited increased exophoria.
- Ametropic individuals demonstrated larger phoria angles and greater variations from baseline compared to emmetropic subjects.
Conclusions:
- Physical exercise significantly alters horizontal phoria in a time-dependent manner, with distinct patterns observed in ametropic and emmetropic individuals.
- Myopic subjects experienced more pronounced phoria shifts and slower recovery compared to their emmetropic counterparts.
- Refractive status appears to play a role in exercise-induced phoria changes, potentially impacting visual perception and sports performance.
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