A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

Polymeric membranes offer an appealing solution for sustainable CO₂ capture, with potential for large-scale deployment. However, balancing high permeability and selectivity is an inherent challenge for pristine membranes. To address this challenge, the development of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) is a promising strategy. MMMs are obtained by carefully integrating porous nano-fillers into polymeric matrices, enabling the simultaneous enhancement of selectivity and permeability. In particular, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained recognition as MMM fillers for CO₂ capture. Here, a review of the current state, recent advancements, and challenges in the fabrication and engineering of MMMs with MOFs for selective CO₂ capture is proposed. Key considerations and promising research directions to fully exploit the gas separation potential of MOF-based MMMs in CO₂ capture applications are highlighted.