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Modular Architecture of Retinal Layers in Diabetic Patients Without Retinopathy
Pratyusha Ganne1, Ganne Chaitanya2, Suresh Vaikkakara3
1Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Guntur, IND.
Cureus
|February 19, 2025
Summary
Diabetics without retinopathy show thicker inner retinal layers and thinner outer retinal layers. Network analysis reveals disrupted retinal organization in these individuals, indicating early disease changes.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Medical Imaging
- Network Science
Background:
- Early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is vital for preventing vision loss.
- Subclinical changes in retinal structure may precede visible DR.
- Network analysis offers a novel approach to understanding retinal organization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare retinal layer thickness between healthy controls (HCs) and diabetics without retinopathy (DWORs).
- To introduce and apply network modularity analysis to detect subclinical retinopathy.
- To identify early structural disruptions in the diabetic retina.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 156 eyes (HCs) and 78 eyes (DWORs).
- Spectralis OCT used for retinal layer thickness measurements.
- Structural covariance networks and Louvain's modularity analysis applied.
Main Results:
- Inner retinal layers (RNFL, INL) were thicker in DWORs vs. HCs.
- Outer retinal layers were thinner in DWORs vs. HCs.
- DWORs exhibited increased network modularity and disrupted community architecture compared to HCs.
Conclusions:
- Diabetics without retinopathy show distinct retinal layer thickness changes.
- Network modularity analysis reveals altered retinal organization in early diabetes.
- These findings highlight potential biomarkers for pre-clinical diabetic retinopathy detection.
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