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Updated: May 27, 2025

Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells
Published on: April 4, 2016
Extrachromosomal circular DNA: a double-edged sword in cancer progression and age-related diseases
Shadira Anindieta Irdianto1, Astari Dwiranti1,2, Anom Bowolaksono3
1Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Biological System (CEMBIOS) Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia.
Abstract:
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a fascinating form of genetic material found outside the usual chromosomal DNA in eukaryotic cells, including humans. Since its discovery in the 1960s, eccDNA has been linked to critical roles in cancer progression and age-related diseases. This review thoroughly explores eccDNA, covering its types, how it forms, and its significant impact on diseases, particularly cancer. EccDNA, especially in its extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) form, contributes to the genetic diversity of tumour cells, helping them evolve quickly and resist treatments. Beyond cancer, eccDNA is also connected to age-related conditions like Werner syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), where it may affect genomic stability and disease development. The potential of eccDNA as a biomarker for predicting disease outcomes and as a target for new treatments is also highlighted. This review aims to deepen our understanding of eccDNA and inspire further research into its roles in human health and disease, paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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