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Disfluencies reflect a... uh... competition between response options: Evidence from a drift diffusion analysis.

Aurélie Pistono1,2, Mehdi Senoussi3,4, Robert J Hartsuiker3

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Disfluency in speech, like "um," arises from competition between words, not a strategy to delay. This language production finding uses a drift diffusion model (DDM) to analyze speech.

Keywords:
DisfluencyDrift diffusion modelPWISemantic interference

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Speech disfluencies can stem from language production difficulties or intentional stalling tactics.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms of disfluency is crucial for comprehending speech production.
  • The drift diffusion model (DDM) offers a framework for analyzing decision-making processes in cognitive tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of speech disfluencies within a semantic competition context.
  • To differentiate between disfluency as a production difficulty versus a time-gaining strategy.
  • To apply the drift diffusion model (DDM) to analyze factors influencing disfluency in picture naming.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a speeded picture-word interference paradigm for naming tasks.
  • Utilized the drift diffusion model (DDM) to analyze response data.
  • Compared DDM parameters for trials with related vs. unrelated distractors and fluent vs. disfluent responses.

Main Results:

  • Unrelated distractors yielded a higher drift rate than semantic distractors, indicating greater processing difficulty.
  • Correct fluent responses showed a higher drift rate compared to correct disfluent responses.
  • Findings suggest semantic interference impacts lexical-semantic system activation.

Conclusions:

  • Disfluency in picture naming reflects competition among lexical response options.
  • Speech disfluency is not a deliberate strategy to stall for time.
  • The study provides evidence for the role of response competition in language production.