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Reference Values and Construct Validity for 4 Upper Limb Physical Performance Tests in Junior Tennis Players.

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Physical performance tests show differences in junior tennis players based on age, sex, and side. The modified-closed-kinetic-chain-upper-extremity test (M-CKCUEST), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), and shoulder endurance test (SET) are valid alternatives for assessing shoulder strength.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Pediatric Sports Science

Background:

  • Upper extremity physical performance tests (PPTs) are increasingly used for screening overhead athletes.
  • Reference data for PPTs in junior tennis players and their construct validity with shoulder strength are lacking.
  • This study addresses the need for normative data and validity evidence in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish reference values for commonly used PPTs in junior tennis players.
  • To determine the construct validity of these PPTs with respect to shoulder strength.
  • To identify differences in PPT performance based on age, sex, and playing side.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety-nine junior tennis players (aged 9-18) performed four PPTs: Y-balance-test-upper-quadrant (YBT-UQ), modified-closed-kinetic-chain-upper-extremity test (M-CKCUEST), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), and shoulder endurance test (SET).
  • Isometric shoulder strength (external and internal rotation) was measured using hand-held dynamometry.
  • Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess relationships between PPTs and strength.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in PPT performance were observed based on age, sex, and playing side.
  • The M-CKCUEST, SMBT, and SET demonstrated moderate-to-high correlations with shoulder strength, indicating acceptable construct validity.
  • No significant correlation was found between the YBT-UQ and shoulder strength.

Conclusions:

  • Junior tennis players exhibit performance variations in PPTs influenced by age, sex, and side.
  • The M-CKCUEST, SMBT, and SET are potentially valuable and user-friendly alternatives for assessing shoulder strength in this population.
  • These findings support the clinical relevance of specific PPTs for strength evaluation in junior tennis players.