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Relationship between basic proteins associated to DNA and replication during early development of Echinoderms.

M Imschenetzki, M I Rojo, M Puchi

    Archivos De Biologia Y Medicina Experimentales
    |October 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Histones are present in sea urchin nuclei during early development, contrary to previous assumptions. Modified chromatin isolation methods revealed these basic proteins associate with DNA early in development.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Developmental Biology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Histone synthesis is closely linked to DNA replication in eukaryotes.
    • Histones are generally found in eukaryotic cell nuclei.
    • Previous studies suggested sea urchin histones are absent during cleavage and appear at the blastula stage.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and association of histones with DNA in early sea urchin development.
    • To resolve discrepancies regarding histone presence in cleavage-stage sea urchin nuclei.

    Main Methods:

    • Chromatin isolation from sea urchin gametes, zygotes, and early blastomeres.
    • Electrophoretic analysis of isolated basic nuclear proteins using urea-acetic acid polyacrylamide gels.
    • Comparison of protein profiles with calf thymus histones and proteins from later developmental stages.

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    Main Results:

    • Basic proteins, similar to calf thymus histones, were isolated from nuclei of sea urchin gametes, zygotes, and early blastomeres.
    • Protease activity activated by NaHSO3 may have hindered previous histone isolation attempts.
    • A specific protein, resembling lysine-rich calf thymus histones, was detected in zygote nuclei during the first DNA replication wave.

    Conclusions:

    • Histones are present in sea urchin nuclei from the earliest developmental stages (gametes, zygotes).
    • The apparent absence of histones in earlier studies may be due to protease activity.
    • The appearance of a specific histone variant correlates with the onset of DNA replication in zygotes.