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Exploring the link between parvovirus B19 and encephalitis: a systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis of

Kashmi Sharma1, Rekha Khandia2, Rohan Shrivastava1

  • 1Department of Translational Medicine, AIIMS Bhopal, Bhopal, India.

Virology Journal
|February 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is linked to encephalitis, a brain inflammation. This review found B19V in 3% of encephalitis cases, highlighting the need for standardized diagnostic methods for better clinical understanding.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Encephalitis is severe brain inflammation with diverse causes, including viruses.
  • Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is increasingly associated with encephalitis, but its prevalence and pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Existing research lacks comprehensive data on B19V's role in encephalitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence of B19V in encephalitis patients.
  • To explore variations in B19V prevalence based on diagnostic methods and geographic factors.
  • To identify research gaps for improved clinical comprehension and diagnostics of B19V-associated encephalitis.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane) from 1994 to 2024.
  • Studies were included if they detected B19V using molecular (PCR, NGS) or serological (IgM/IgG) methods in cerebrospinal fluid or serum.
  • Prevalence data were pooled using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via I² statistics and moderator analysis.

Main Results:

  • Fourteen studies comprising 3,135 encephalitis patients were analyzed, yielding an overall B19V prevalence of 3% (95% CI: 2-4%).
  • Prevalence varied by diagnostic method: PCR (3%), NGS (2%), and ELISA (1%).
  • Moderate heterogeneity (I²=57.4%) was observed, with country of study identified as a significant moderator.

Conclusions:

  • Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is implicated in approximately 3% of encephalitis cases.
  • Variability in diagnostic techniques contributes to heterogeneity in prevalence estimates.
  • Standardized diagnostic protocols and multicenter epidemiological studies are crucial for accurate assessment and management of B19V-related encephalitis.
Keywords:
EncephalitisMeta-analysisMolecular diagnosticsNeurological infectionParvovirus B19Prevalence

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