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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Mathematical Physics

Background:

  • The Lugiato-Lefever (LL) equation models nonlinear optical phenomena in cavities.
  • Understanding bound states and symmetry breaking is crucial for optical system design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bound states in an optical cavity model based on the 1D LL equation.
  • To explore symmetry breaking phenomena induced by a double hot spot (HS) pump with a phase shift.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling an optical cavity using the 1D Lugiato-Lefever equation.
  • Introducing a symmetric double hot spot (HS) pump with a phase shift.
  • Analyzing cubic and quintic nonlinearities and system loss.

Main Results:

  • Identified families of bound states pinned to the double HS.
  • Observed symmetry breaking (SB) between bound state peaks for 0<χ<π with loss.
  • Demonstrated stable symmetric and asymmetric bound states in the quintic nonlinearity case.

Conclusions:

  • Symmetry breaking is an analytically explained phenomenon in the LL model with double HS.
  • The system supports stable bound states even with background instability in the quintic case.