Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

34.7K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
34.7K
ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

5.2K
Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
5.2K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.4K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.4K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.0K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.0K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

2.6K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
2.6K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.0K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Orchestrating Diabetic Wound Healing by a Sunlight-Activated AIEgen-Selenide Nanospray: From Infection Control to Tissue Regeneration.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Enhancing Interfacial Stability of GeTe-Based Thermoelectric Junction Using an Amorphous Al-Ni-Ti Diffusion Barrier.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Cascade-Responsive Zwitterionic Polyprodrugs Leverage Fast Transcytosis for Deep Tumor Penetration and Intracellular Drug Release.

Bioconjugate chemistry·2026
Same author

Pyridinium-Fused 1,3-Selenazoles via Cyclizations of 2-Pyridylselenyl Chloride with Alkynes: Synthesis, Structures, and Antifungal Properties.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Effects of neuromuscular training on stability in volleyball athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Frontiers in sports and active living·2026
Same author

Trisulfide-Bridged Polymer-Drug Conjugates for Synergistic H<sub>2</sub>S and Doxorubicin Delivery.

Biomacromolecules·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2025

Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery
08:09

Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery

Published on: August 6, 2019

5.7K

Polymerization in Living Organisms for Biomedical Applications.

Xin Yun1, Yansong Dong1, Zhishen Ge1

  • 1School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Polymer Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|February 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Intra-tissue polymerization offers biocompatible, localized, and responsive methods for biomedical applications. This review covers its progress and use in neural, electronic, tumor, and skin tissue engineering.

Keywords:
biological orthogonal polymerizationfree radical polymerizationoxidative polymerizationphotopolymerizationpolymerization in living organisms

More Related Videos

Programming Stem Cells for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles
09:01

Programming Stem Cells for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles

Published on: September 27, 2013

11.1K
Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

28.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2025

Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery
08:09

Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery

Published on: August 6, 2019

5.7K
Programming Stem Cells for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles
09:01

Programming Stem Cells for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles

Published on: September 27, 2013

11.1K
Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

28.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Intra-tissue polymerization leverages polymerization reactions within biological tissues.
  • Key advantages include excellent biocompatibility, precise spatial control, and dynamic responsiveness.
  • This technology holds significant promise for advanced biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in intra-tissue polymerization technologies.
  • To explore the diverse biomedical applications of these polymerization methods.
  • To discuss challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical polymerization
  • Enzymatic polymerization
  • Photopolymerization
  • Free radical polymerization

Main Results:

  • Applications discussed include neural tissue engineering for enhanced device performance.
  • Preparation of electronic devices within plant and animal tissues is explored.
  • Polymerization in tumor tissues for therapeutic and monitoring applications is detailed.
  • Use in skin tissues for wound monitoring and therapy is presented.

Conclusions:

  • Intra-tissue polymerization is a versatile technology with broad biomedical potential.
  • Precise reaction control and biocompatible material development are key challenges.
  • Future research should focus on overcoming these hurdles for clinical translation.