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Drug Delivery: Overview

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform

Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform

Published on: November 7, 2013

DNA-Based Nanostructured Platforms as Drug Delivery Systems.

Manish Kumar¹, Abhishek Jha¹, Brahmeshwar Mishra¹

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Chem & Bio Engineering

|February 20, 2025

Summary

DNA nanostructures offer a safe, programmable platform for drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic effectiveness and reducing toxicity. This novel approach improves drug encapsulation and targeted delivery for various diseases.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Nanotechnology
Materials Science

Background:

DNA nanostructures present a novel, safe, and biocompatible approach for drug delivery systems.
They offer advantages like programmable assembly, reproducibility, and precise control over size, shape, and function.

Purpose of the Study:

To review DNA nanostructures for drug encapsulation and selective delivery.
To highlight their potential in improving therapeutic effectiveness and reducing cytotoxicity.

Main Methods:

Integration of DNA nanostructures with functional moieties (proteins, polymers, targeting groups) via conjugation.
Development of 'smart' DNA nanostructures with targeting ligands or stimuli-responsive elements.

Main Results:

DNA nanostructures enhance delivery of poorly soluble drugs, decrease cytotoxicity, and improve therapeutic outcomes.
Smart DNA nanostructures enable targeted delivery, minimize off-target effects, and enhance cellular uptake.

Conclusions:

DNA nanostructures represent a versatile and effective platform for advanced drug delivery.
They hold significant potential for treating a wide range of diseases with improved efficacy and safety.