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Related Concept Videos

Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

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Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
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Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles01:24

Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles

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Every cell in the body maintains a membrane potential due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges across its plasma membrane. The membrane potential is measured in millivolts and quantifies the difference in charge across the membrane.
Like neurons, muscle cells are also regarded as excitable due to their capacity to change in response to stimuli, primarily due to voltage-gated ion channels embedded in their plasma membranes, which get activated by alterations in the...
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Induction01:16

Induction

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An emf is induced when the magnetic field in a coil is changed by pushing a bar magnet into or out of the coil. emfs of opposite signs are produced by motion in opposite directions, and the directions of emfs are also reversed by reversing poles. The same results are produced if the coil is moved rather than the magnet—it is the relative motion that is important. The faster the motion, the greater the emf. Additionally, there is no emf when the magnet is stationary relative to the coil.
A...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

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If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus...
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Motional Emf01:22

Motional Emf

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Magnetic flux depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field, the area through which the field lines pass, and the field's orientation with respect to the surface area. If any of these quantities vary, a corresponding variation in magnetic flux occurs. If the area through which the magnetic field lines are passing changes, then the magnetic flux also changes. This change in the area can be of two types: the flux through the rectangular loop increases as it moves into the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2025

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues
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Magnetic activation of electrically active cells.

Guillaume Duret, Samantha Coffler, Ben Avant

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |February 20, 2025
    PubMed
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    Researchers discovered a rare but reproducible magnetic response in cells, generating action potentials via mechanoreception pathways. This magnetic cell control method bypasses the need for co-factors and can influence tissue-level responses like insulin production.

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    Synthesis of Cationized Magnetoferritin for Ultra-fast Magnetization of Cells
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    Area of Science:

    • Biophysics
    • Cell Biology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Magnetic control of cell activity is crucial for applications like neurostimulation and cell-based therapies.
    • Current methods rely on strong magnetic fields or energy-converting materials due to the lack of identified magnetically gated channels.
    • Existing approaches often involve induced electric fields or external energy conversion, not direct magnetic gating.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate direct magnetic responses in cells without co-factors.
    • To identify the mechanism underlying magnetic control of cell activity.
    • To explore the potential for magnetic stimulation to elicit tissue-level biological responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a spiking HEK cell line and a permanent magnet (500 mT, 200 ms).
    • Analyzed cell responses, including action potential generation and propagation.
    • Performed co-culture experiments with MIN6 cells to assess tissue-level effects.

    Main Results:

    • A rare (1 in 50 cells) but fast and reproducible action potential was observed in response to magnetic stimulation.
    • Calculations suggest the response is mediated by mechanoreception pathways, not induced electric currents.
    • Co-cultured cells showed increased insulin production in response to magnetic fields, demonstrating tissue-level effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Identified a novel mechanism for magnetic control of cell activity dependent on mechanoreception and lipid rafts.
    • Demonstrated magnetic stimulation can induce biological responses without synthetic co-factors.
    • Showcased potential for magnetic control of cell activity and tissue function, including insulin production.