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Neural Circuits

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
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Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

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Published on: February 4, 2016

A Bioelectric Router for Adaptive Isochronous Neurostimulation.

Eashan Sahai¹, Jordan Hickman¹, Daniel J Denman¹

¹University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|February 20, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed the Bioelectric Router for Adaptive Isochronous Neuro stimulation (BRAINS) board, a cost-effective tool for multipolar brain stimulation research. This open-source device enables flexible, high-frequency control of electrode configurations, advancing iEBS applications.

Keywords:

closed-loop stimulation multipolar stimulation neuromodulation neurostimulation

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Electrical Engineering

Background:

Multipolar intracranial electrical brain stimulation (iEBS) offers potential for improved clinical outcomes.
Current research tools for multipolar iEBS are often proprietary, expensive, and inflexible.
Limitations in existing tools hinder the understanding and effective application of multipolar iEBS.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a cost-effective, customizable, and flexible device for multipolar iEBS research.
To overcome the limitations of existing proprietary tools for brain stimulation experiments.
To facilitate advanced research in multipolar and closed-loop iEBS.

Main Methods:

Developed the Bioelectric Router for Adaptive Isochronous Neuro stimulation (BRAINS) board, a 16-channel device.
Integrated the BRAINS board with a microcontroller for flexible channel configuration (cathodal, anodal, grounded, floating).
Validated the board through bench-top testing and in vivo experiments in mouse primary visual cortex using Neuropixel recordings.

Main Results:

The BRAINS board showed no significant difference in noise or signal-to-noise ratio compared to an isolated stimulator.
The board supports rapid configuration changes up to 600 Hz without introducing residual noise.
Demonstrated efficacy in monopolar, bipolar, and multipolar stimulation regimes.

Conclusions:

The BRAINS board is a user-friendly, open-source, and cost-effective tool for sophisticated iEBS research.
Enables reproducible and finely controlled stimulation experiments with real-time processing.
Facilitates enhanced exploratory research and improved clinical applications of multipolar and closed-loop iEBS.